Optical substrate and display device using the same

ABSTRACT

An optical substrate is manufactured such that a bright color display can be achieved. The optical substrate can be embodied in a display device. As for the optical substrate, a light transmitting layer is formed by bonding a first master having a plurality of color protrusions and a second master having a plurality of curved surface parts with a light transmitting layer precursor disposed therebetween so that the resulting light transmitting layer has a plurality of color recesses transferred from the shape of the color protrusions and a plurality of lenses transferred from the shape of the curved surface parts. The master is separated from the light transmitting layer. The color recesses in the light transmitting layer are filled with pigment to form a color pattern layer. The second master is separated from the light transmitting layer.

CONTINUING APPLICATION DATA

This application is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No.09/457,925, filed Dec. 8, 1999, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,627,125, which isincorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to an optical substrate and a displaydevice for the same.

2. Related Art

A method for filling the depressions in a light transmitting layer withpigment has been developed as a method of manufacturing color filtersfor use with, for example, liquid crystal display panels. The lighttransmitting layer used in this process can be easily manufactured bydripping resin onto a master having a surface pattern of depressions andprotrusions, curing the resin, and then separating the patterned resinfrom the master.

As a method for manufacturing a microlens array for use with suchproducts as liquid crystal display panels, Japanese Unexamined PatentApplication (kokai) 3-198003 teaches a method for manufacturing amicrolens array by dripping resin onto a master having a plurality ofcurved surfaces corresponding to lenses, curing the resin to form alight transmitting layer, and then separating this light transmittinglayer to produce the microlens array.

With these methods, however, it is necessary to separately manufactureand then combine the color filter and microlens array.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention resolves this problem by providing an opticalsubstrate by which a bright color display can be achieved and a displaydevice that uses the optical substrate.

In one embodiment, an optical substrate comprises a light transmittinglayer having a plurality of color recesses on one side and a pluralityof lenses, aligned with the recesses, on another side; and a colorpattern layer formed by pigment in the color recesses.

In another embodiment, an optical substrate comprises a lighttransmitting layer having a plurality of lenses formed on one side, anda color pattern layer formed on another side of the light transmittinglayer.

One side of this optical substrate can thus function as a microlensarray while the other side functions as a color filter.

In either embodiment, the optical substrate preferably further comprisesa second light transmitting layer formed on the first such layer. Thesecond such layer may have a plurality of light blocking recesses. Alight blocking layer is also provided. The light blocking layer isformed on the second light transmitting layer, and may be comprised oflight blocking material disposed in the light blocking recesses. Thelight blocking layer functions as a black matrix and is preferablyformed so that each lens is enclosed in one of the areas of the lightblocking layer.

A display device according to the present invention comprises an opticalsubstrate constructed in accordance with any of the configurationsdescribed above, and further includes a light source for emitting lightto the optical substrate.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIGS. 1(A) to (C), FIGS. 2(A) to (C), and FIGS. 3(A) to (C) are sectionviews used to describe step by step a manufacturing method for anoptical substrate according to a first preferred embodiment of thepresent invention.

FIGS. 4(A) to (C), FIGS. 5(A) to (C), and FIGS. 6(A) to (C) are sectionviews used to describe step by step a manufacturing method for anoptical substrate according to a second preferred embodiment of thepresent invention.

FIGS. 7(A) to (C), FIGS. 8(A) to (C), FIGS. 9(A) and (B), and FIGS.10(A) to (C) are section views used to describe step by step amanufacturing method for an optical substrate according to a thirdpreferred embodiment of the present invention.

FIGS. 11(A) and (B) and FIGS. 12(A) and (B) are section views used todescribe step by step a manufacturing method for an optical substrateaccording to a fourth preferred embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 13 is a section view of an exemplary liquid crystal projector inwhich is assembled an optical substrate manufactured according to thepresent invention.

FIG. 14 is a section view of a further exemplary liquid crystalprojector in which is assembled an optical substrate manufacturedaccording to the present invention.

DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described belowwith reference to the accompanying figures.

Embodiment 1

FIGS. 1(A) to 3(C) are section views used to describe step by step amanufacturing method for an optical substrate according to a firstpreferred embodiment of the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 1(A), a first master 10 and second master 20 are firstprepared. A plurality of protrusions 12 for color is formed on the firstmaster 10. The color protrusions 12 are arranged according to the pixelsof a liquid crystal display (LCD) panel. It will be noted that variouspixel patterns can be used, including a mosaic, delta, and stripedarrangement. A plurality of curved parts 22 is formed on the secondmaster 20. Each of the curved parts 22 is a concavity that is theinverse pattern of a convex lens to be formed therefrom.

The masters 10 and 20 can be formed by etching the surface of a suitablesubstrate. This substrate is not limited to any particular material solong as it is etchable, but it is preferably of silicon or quartzbecause of the ease with which these materials can be etched to formhigh precision color protrusions 12 or curved parts 22.

The first and second masters 10 and 20 are then placed with the colorprotrusions 12 and curved parts 22 facing each other.

The first master 10 and second master 20 are then bonded with a lighttransmitting layer precursor 32 disposed therebetween. This lighttransmitting layer precursor 32 becomes the light transmitting layer 30shown in FIG. 1(B). It should be noted that while the first master 10 isshown on the top in FIG. 1(A), the second master 20 can alternatively beplaced on top.

The light transmitting layer precursor 32 is not limited to anyparticular material insofar as it is light transmitting. While variousmaterials can thus be used, one that can be set by applying energy ispreferable. Such materials can typically be handled as low viscosityfluids during the formation of light transmitting layer 30, and can beeasily filled at or near normal room temperature and pressure to thesmallest areas of the color protrusions 12 and curved parts 22 on thefirst and second masters 10 and 20.

Exemplary energy-setting resins can preferably be set by applying eitherlight or heat. Using light or heat makes it possible to use commonexposing systems, baking ovens, hot plates, or other heatingapparatuses, and thus contribute to lower equipment costs.

Exemplary energy-setting resins include: acrylic resins, epoxy resins,melamine resins, and polyimide resins. Acrylic resins in particular aredesirable because a wide range of commercially available precursors andphotosensitizers (photopolymerization initiators) can be used, and theresin can be set in a short time by exposure to light.

Specific examples of the basic composition of a photosetting acrylicresin include prepolymers, oligomers, monomers, and photopolymerizationinitiators.

Exemplary prepolymers and oligomers include: acrylates such as epoxyacrylate, urethane acrylate, polyester acrylate, polyether acrylate, andspiroacetal acrylate; and methacrylates such as epoxy methacrylate,urethane methacrylate, polyester methacrylate, and polyethermethacrylate.

Exemplary monomers include: monofunctional monomers such as 2-ethylhexylacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate,2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, n-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone, Carbitol acrylate,tetrahydrofurfuryl acrylate, isobornyl acrylate, dicyclopentenylacrylate, and 1,3-butanediol acrylate; bifunctional monomers such as1,6-hexanediol diacrylate, 1,6-hexanediol dimethacrylate, neopentylglycol diacrylate, neopentyl glycol dimethacrylate, ethylene glycoldiacrylate, polyethylene glycol diacrylate, and pentaerythritoldiacrylate; and polyfunctional monomers such as trimethylolpropanetriacrylate, trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate, pentaerythritoltriacrylate, and dipentaerythritol hexacrylate.

Exemplary photopolymerization initiators include: acetophenone compoundssuch as 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenyl acetophenone; butyl phenone compoundssuch as a-hydroxy isobutyl phenone and p-isopropyl-a-hydroxy isobutylphenone; halogenated acetophenone compounds such as p-tert-butyldichloro acetophenone, p-tert-butyl trichloro acetophenone, anda,a-dichlor-4-phenoxy acetophenone; benzophenone compounds such asbenzophenone [diphenyl ketone], and n,n-tetraethyl-4,4-diaminobenzophenone; benzyl compounds such as benzyl, and benzyldimethyl ketal;benzoin compounds such as benzoin and benzoinalkylether; oxime compoundssuch as 1-phenyl-1,2-propanedione-2-(o-ethoxycarbonyl) oxime; xanthonecompounds such as 2-methylthio xanthone, and 2-chlorothio xanthone;benzoin ether compounds such as benzoin ether and isobutyl benzoinether; and radical forming compounds such as Michler's ketone and benzylmethyl ketal.

Various additives can also be added as required. For example, amines orother compounds can be added to prevent oxygen from inhibiting resinsetting, and solvents can be added to improve coating properties. Thesolvents that can be used include but are not limited to such organicsolvents as: propylene glycol monomethylether acetate, methoxymethylpropionate, ethoxyethyl propionate, ethyl lactate, ethyl pyruvate, andmethyl amyl ketone.

As noted above, the masters are preferably made from silicon or quartzbecause of their excellent high precision etchability. In addition totheir above-noted properties, the above-noted materials are furtherpreferable because they can be easily separated from such silicon orquartz master materials.

It should be further noted that while the light transmitting layerprecursor 32 is described above as being dripped onto the second master20, it can be alternatively dripped onto the first master 10 or to boththe first and second masters 10 and 20. The light transmitting layerprecursor 32 can yet further alternatively be deposited on either orboth the first and second master 10 and 20 by spin coating, dipping,spray coating, roll coating, bar coating, or other method.

As shown in FIG. 1(B), the light transmitting layer precursor 32 is thenspread over a specific area to form a light transmitting layer 30between the masters 10 and 20. To spread the light transmitting layerprecursor 32 over the specific area, a specific pressure can be appliedto at least one of the masters 10 and 20.

A setting process appropriate to the composition of the lighttransmitting layer precursor 32 is then applied through either or bothmaster 10 and 20 to set the light transmitting layer 30.

A plurality of color recesses 36 transferred from the shape of the colorprotrusions 12 on the first master 10 is thus formed on one surface ofthe light transmitting layer 30. In addition, a plurality of lenses 34transferred from the shape of the curved parts 22 in the second master20 is formed on the other side of the light transmitting layer 30.

As shown in FIG. 1(C), the second master 20 is then separated from thelight transmitting layer 30.

Next, as shown in FIG. 2(A), the surface of the first light transmittinglayer 30 on which the lenses 34 are formed and a first reinforcing layer50 are bonded with a second light transmitting layer precursor 42disposed therebetween to form a second light transmitting layer 40 asshown in FIG. 2 (B). The method used to bond by way of intervening firstlight transmitting layer precursor 32 can be used with this second lighttransmitting layer precursor 42, which can also be selected from thematerials available for use as the first light transmitting layerprecursor 32.

The reinforcing layer 50 is typically glass, but the invention shall notbe so limited insofar as the desired light transparency, mechanicalstrength, and other properties can be achieved. Exemplary reinforcinglayer 50 materials include plastic plates or films of polycarbonate,polyarylate, polyether sulfone, amorphous polyolefin, polyethyleneterephthalate, and polymethyl methacrylate.

Light transmitting layer precursor 42 is then set by a processappropriate to its composition. If a UV-setting acrylic resin is used asthe light transmitting layer precursor 42, for example, the lighttransmitting layer precursor 42 can be set by exposure to ultravioletlight under specific conditions.

The light transmitting layer 30 is then removed from the first master 10as shown in FIG. 2(C). A plurality of color recesses 36 is formed in thelight transmitting layer 30 by the plurality of color protrusions 12 inthe first master 10.

A color pattern layer 60 is then formed by filling each of the colorrecesses 36 with a specified pigment 62 as shown in FIG. 3(A).

While no particular method must be used for filling the color recesses36 with pigment 62, an ink jet method is preferred. Ink jet spraymethods have been proven in ink jet printers, and enable the colorrecesses 36 to be filled quickly, economically, and without waste.

FIG. 3(A) shows the color recesses 36 being filled with typically red,green, and blue pigment 62 using an ink jet head 64. More specifically,the ink jet head 64 is positioned appropriately to the color recesses36, and pigment 62 of the appropriate color is ejected therefrom intoeach color recess 36.

The ink jet head 64 can be any type of print head used in an ink jetprinter, including piezo jet types using piezoelectric elements, andtypes that use an electro-thermal conversion element as the energygenerating means for expanding the ink volume or vaporizing the ink togenerate pressure whereby the ink is sprayed from the ink jet head. Inkjet heads 64 such as these enable both coverage and the ejection patternto be controlled as desired.

For example, if an ink jet head 64 having an array of 64 nozzles forejecting pigment 62 is used, and three drops are ejected into each colorrecess 36 at a drive frequency of 14.4 kHz (ejecting 14,400 drops persecond), the time required to fill each of the color recesses 36 in anapproximately 900,000 pixel display panel with pigment 62 is: 900,000×3drops/(14,400 times×64 nozzles)=approximately 3 seconds. Evenconsidering the time required to move the ink jet head 64 between colorrecesses 36, all color recesses 36 can be filled with pigment 62 inapproximately two to three minutes. To assure the color recesses 36 arefilled with a uniform amount of pigment 62, the ink jet head 64 is movedand otherwise controlled to control the position at which pigment isejected.

When the pigment 62 contains solvent, the solvent is evaporated by heattreatment. Removing the solvent, however, causes the pigment 62 tocontract. It is therefore necessary to fill the recesses with enoughpigment 62 so that the thickness needed to assure the required colordensity remains after solvent evaporation and pigment shrinkage.

This process forms a color pattern layer 60 on the light transmittinglayer 30 as shown in FIG. 3(B).

A second reinforcing layer 80 is then bonded to the color pattern layer60 side of the light transmitting layer 30 with a third lighttransmitting layer precursor 72 disposed therebetween. This operation isthe same as that for bonding with the first light transmitting layerprecursor 32, and the light transmitting layer precursor 72 can also beselected from the materials available for use as light transmittinglayer precursor 32.

By thus spreading the third light transmitting layer precursor 72 andapplying an appropriate setting process to form a third lighttransmitting layer 70 as shown in FIG. 3(C), optical substrate 1 isachieved.

As will be known from the above description, this optical substrate 1comprises first to third light transmitting layers 30, 40, and 70disposed between first and second reinforcing layers 50 and 80. A colorpattern layer 60 is formed by filling the plurality of color recesses 36formed on one side of the first light transmitting layer 30 with pigment62. In addition, a plurality of lenses 34 is formed on the other side ofthe first light transmitting layer 30. Furthermore, the pixels of thecolor pattern layer 60 are formed at positions corresponding to thelenses 34.

An optical substrate 1 according to this preferred embodiment thus hasthe functionality of both a color filter incorporating the color patternlayer 60, and a microlens array incorporating the lenses 34. As aresult, a bright color display can be achieved.

It should be noted that if the second and third light transmittinglayers 40 and 70 can provide the mechanical strength, gas barrierproperties, chemical resistance, and other properties required for theoptical substrate, the corresponding first and second reinforcing layers50 and 80 can be removed. In this case the second and third lighttransmitting layers 40 and 70 become protective films for the firstlight transmitting layer 30. Moreover, if the light transmitting layer30 itself has sufficient strength, the second and third lighttransmitting layers 40 and 70 can also be omitted.

As described above, color recesses 36 and lenses 34 can be easily formedby transfer to a light transmitting layer 30 according to the presentinvention. With this method there is highly efficient use of material,the number of production steps can be reduced, and cost reduction can beachieved.

Furthermore, once manufactured, the first and second masters 10 and 20can be used repeatedly insofar as durability allows. The steps requiredto produce the masters 10 and 20 can therefore be eliminated from theproduction process for the second and subsequent optical substrates,thereby further reducing the number of production steps and helping tofurther reduce cost.

Embodiment 2

FIGS. 4(A) to FIG. 6(C) are section views used to describe step by stepa manufacturing method for an optical substrate according to a secondpreferred embodiment of the present invention.

A first master 110 as shown in FIG. 4(A) is used in this preferredembodiment of the invention. A plurality of recesses 112 for color isformed on the first master 110. The color recesses 112 are arrangedaccording to the pixels of a display device. It will be noted thatvarious pixel patterns can be used, including a mosaic, delta, andstriped arrangement.

The first master 110 can be formed by etching the surface of a suitablesubstrate. This substrate is not limited to any particular material solong as it is etchable, but it is preferably of silicon or quartzbecause of the ease with which these materials can be etched to formhigh precision color recesses 112.

A color pattern layer 100 is then formed in the color recesses 112 ofthe first master 110. This process is identical to that shown in FIG.3(A) and described above, and the color pattern layer 100 can thus beformed by filling the color recesses 112 with a pigment 62 using an inkjet head 64.

Next, the surface of the first master 110 on which the color patternlayer 100 is formed, and the curved parts 22 side of a second master 20identical to that used in the first embodiment described above, arebonded with a first light transmitting layer precursor 122 therebetween.This process is the same as that used for bonding by means ofintervening light transmitting layer precursor 32 of the firstembodiment. The light transmitting layer precursor 122 can also beselected from the materials available for use as the above-noted lighttransmitting layer precursor 32.

A first light transmitting layer 120 is thus formed between the firstand second masters 110 and 20 as shown in FIG. 4(C). To spread the lighttransmitting layer precursor 122 over the specific area, a specificpressure can be applied to at least one of the masters 110 and 20. Asetting process appropriate to the composition of the light transmittinglayer precursor 122 is then applied through either or both master 110and 20 to set the light transmitting layer 120.

The color pattern layer 100 formed in the color recesses 112 of thefirst master 110 is bonded to one side of the first light transmittinglayer 120. A plurality of lenses 124 transferred from the profile of thecurved parts 22 is formed on the other side of the first lighttransmitting layer 120.

Next, as shown in FIG. 5(A), the second master 20 is separated from thelight transmitting layer 120.

Then, as shown in FIG. 5(B), the surface of the first light transmittinglayer 120 on which the lenses 124 are formed and a first reinforcinglayer 140 are bonded with a second light transmitting layer precursor132 disposed therebetween to form a second light transmitting layer 130as shown in FIG. 5(C). This process can be the same as that used tospread and bond the first light transmitting layer precursor 32 in thefirst embodiment above. The light transmitting layer precursor 132 canalso be selected from the above-noted materials available for use aslight transmitting layer precursor 32.

Any of the materials usable for the reinforcing layer 50 in the firstembodiment can also be used for this reinforcing layer 140. The lighttransmitting layer precursor 132 is also set using a process appropriateto its composition.

Referring next to FIG. 6(A), the first master 110 is removed from thefirst light transmitting layer 120 and color pattern layer 100. Thisleaves the color pattern layer 100 transferred from the profile of thecolor recesses 112 in the first master 110 molded integrally to thefirst light transmitting layer 120.

Next, the surface of the light transmitting layer 120 on which the colorpattern layer 100 is formed and a second reinforcing layer 160 arebonded with a third light transmitting layer precursor 152 therebetween.This process is the same as that used to bond by way of interveninglight transmitting layer precursor 32 of the first embodiment. The lighttransmitting layer precursor 152 can also be selected from the materialsavailable for use as the above-noted light transmitting layer precursor32.

By thus spreading the third light transmitting layer precursor 152 andapplying an appropriate setting process to form a third lighttransmitting layer 150 as shown in FIG. 6(C), optical substrate 2 isachieved.

This optical substrate 2 comprises first to third light transmittinglayers 120, 130, and 150 disposed between first and second firstreinforcing layers 140 and 160. A color pattern layer 100 is formedintegrally to one side of the first light transmitting layer 120. Aplurality of lenses 124 is formed on the other side of the first lighttransmitting layer 120. Furthermore, the pixels of the color patternlayer 100 are formed at positions corresponding to the lenses 124.

This optical substrate 2 has the functionality of both a color filterincorporating the color pattern layer 100, and a microlens arrayincorporating the lenses 124. As a result, a bright color display can beachieved.

It should be noted that if the second and third light transmittinglayers 130 and 150 can provide the desired mechanical strength, gasbarrier properties, chemical resistance, and other properties requiredfor the optical substrate, the corresponding first and secondreinforcing layers 140 and 160 can be removed. In this case the secondand third light transmitting layers 130 and 150 become protective filmsfor the first light transmitting layer 120. Moreover, if the lighttransmitting layer 120 itself has sufficient strength, the second andthird light transmitting layers 130 and 150 can also be omitted.

As described above, lenses 124 can be easily formed in a lighttransmitting layer 120 by transfer according to the present embodimentof the invention. It is therefore possible by means of this method toachieve highly efficient use of material, a reduction in the number ofproduction steps, and cost reduction.

Furthermore, once manufactured, the first and second masters 110 and 20can be used repeatedly insofar as durability allows. The steps requiredto produce the masters 110 and 20 can therefore be eliminated from theproduction process for the second and subsequent optical substrates,thereby further reducing the number of production steps and helping tofurther reduce cost.

Embodiment 3

FIGS. 7(A) to FIG. 10(C) are section views used to describe step by stepa manufacturing method for an optical substrate according to a thirdpreferred embodiment of the present invention.

A manufacturing method according to this preferred embodiment uses firstand second masters 10 and 20 to manufacture a first light transmittinglayer 30 as shown in FIG. 1(A) and FIG. 1(B). This first lighttransmitting layer 30 thus has a plurality of color recesses 36 on oneside and a plurality of lenses 34 on the other. The second master 20 isthen removed from the resulting light transmitting layer 30 as shown inFIG. 1(C).

A third master 200 is then prepared as shown in FIG. 7(A). This thirdmaster 200 has a light blocking protrusion 202 segmenting a plurality ofareas. In plan view the light blocking protrusion 202 has the shape of ablack matrix for use in an LCD panel, and segments areas correspondingto the plurality of pixels. It should be noted that the pattern of thisblack matrix corresponds to the mosaic, delta, striped, or other pixelarrangement.

The lens 34 surface side of the first light transmitting layer 30 andthe third master 200 are then bonded with a second light transmittinglayer precursor 212 disposed therebetween. The method used for bondingin the first embodiment above can be used here. It will also be notedthat while the third master 200 is shown on the bottom in FIG. 7(A), thefirst light transmitting layer 30 can be alternatively placed on thebottom. The second light transmitting layer precursor 212 can also beselected from any of the materials usable for the first lighttransmitting layer precursor 32 in the first embodiment.

Next, as shown in FIG. 7(B), the second light transmitting layerprecursor 212 is spread over a specific area to form a second lighttransmitting layer 210 between the third master 200 and first lighttransmitting layer 30. The second light transmitting layer precursor 212can be spread by applying a specific pressure as required to eithermaster 10 or 200. A setting process appropriate to the composition ofthe second light transmitting layer precursor 212 is then applied fromeither master 10 or 200 to set the second light transmitting layer 210.

One side of the second light transmitting layer 210 has concavitiescorresponding to the profile of the lenses 34 on the first lighttransmitting layer 30. A light blocking recess 214 is transferred fromthe shape of the light blocking protrusion 202 in the third master 200to the other side of the second light transmitting layer 210. The shapeof the light blocking recess 214 in plan view is that of a black matrixused in an LCD panel segmented into areas corresponding to a pluralityof pixels. It should be noted that the pattern of this black matrixcorresponds to the mosaic, delta, striped, or other pixel arrangement.

The first master 10 is then separated from the light transmitting layer30 as shown in FIG. 7(C). The light transmitting layer 30 has aplurality of color recesses 36 formed by the plurality of colorprotrusions 12 in the first master 10.

The color recesses 36 are then filled with a predetermined pigment 62 toform a color pattern layer 220 as shown in FIG. 8(A). This operation isdescribed in detail in the first embodiment above, and furtherdescription is therefore omitted here.

A color pattern layer 220 is thus formed on the light transmitting layer30 as shown in FIG. 8(B). The color pattern layer 220 side of the lighttransmitting layer 30 and a first reinforcing layer 240 are then bondedwith a third light transmitting layer precursor 232 disposedtherebetween. This process is the same as that used for bonding by wayof intervening light transmitting layer precursor 32, and the lighttransmitting layer precursor 232 can also be selected from any of thematerials usable for the light transmitting layer precursor 32, in thefirst embodiment.

A third light transmitting layer 230 as shown in FIG. 9(A) is formed bythus spreading the third light transmitting layer precursor 232 and thenapplying an appropriate setting process.

The third master 200 is then separated from the second lighttransmitting layer 210 as shown in FIG. 9(B). The light blocking recess214 transferred from the light blocking protrusion 202 of the thirdmaster 200 is thus formed on the second light transmitting layer 210.

The light blocking recess 214 is then filled with a light blockingmaterial 252 to form an opaque layer 250 as shown in FIG. 10(A). It isto be noted that the light blocking recess 214 is positioned to surroundeach pixel in the color pattern layer 220 so that the opaque layer 250forms a black matrix.

Various materials can be used for the light blocking material 252insofar as the selected material does not pass light and is sufficientlydurable. For example, the light blocking material 252 can be a binderresin dissolved in solvent with a black dye or pigment. The solvent typeis not specifically limited, and can be water or a variety of organicsolvents. Exemplary organic solvents include: propylene glycolmonomethylether acetate, propylene glycol monopropylether, methoxymethylpropionate, ethoxyethyl propionate, ethyl cellusolve, ethyl cellusolveacetate, ethyl lactate, ethyl pyruvate, methyl amyl ketone,cyclohexanone, xylene, toluene, and butyl acetate. These solvents canfurther be used singly or in mixtures thereof.

Various methods can be used to fill the light blocking recess 214 withlight blocking material 252, but an ink jet method is preferable. Inkjet methods have been proven in ink jet printers, and enable the lightblocking recess 214 to be filled quickly, economically, and withoutwaste. The ink jet head 254 in this case is positioned and drivenappropriately to evenly fill the light blocking recess 214 in the secondlight transmitting layer 210 with light blocking material 252.

Once the light blocking recess 214 is uniformly filled throughout withlight blocking material 252, filling stops. If the light blockingmaterial 252 contains solvent, the solvent is removed by heat treatment.Removing the solvent, however, causes the material to contract. It istherefore necessary to fill the recesses with enough material so thatthe thickness needed to assure the required opacity remains aftersolvent evaporation and material shrinkage.

An opaque layer 250 is thus formed on the second light transmittinglayer 210 as shown in FIG. 10(B). The opaque layer 250 side of lighttransmitting layer 210 and a second reinforcing layer 270 are thenbonded with a fourth light transmitting layer precursor 262 disposedtherebetween. This process is the same as that used for bonding by wayof intervening light transmitting layer precursor 32 in the firstembodiment above, and light transmitting layer precursor 262 can also beselected from any of the materials usable for the light transmittinglayer precursor 32 in the first embodiment.

An optical substrate 3 is achieved by thus spreading the fourth lighttransmitting layer precursor 262 and applying an appropriate settingprocess to form the fourth light transmitting layer 260 as shown in FIG.10(C).

Optical substrate 3 comprises first to fourth light transmitting layers30, 210, 230, and 260 disposed between first and second firstreinforcing layers 240 and 270. In addition, a color pattern layer 220is formed by filling pigment 62 to the plurality of color recesses 36formed on one side of the first light transmitting layer 30. A pluralityof lenses 34 is formed on the other side of the first light transmittinglayer 30. The pixels of the color pattern layer 220 are furthermore eachaligned with a corresponding lens 34.

This optical substrate 3 thus has the functionality of both a colorfilter incorporating the color pattern layer 220, and a microlens arrayincorporating the lenses 34. As a result, a bright color display can beachieved.

It should be noted that if the third and fourth light transmittinglayers 230 and 260 can provide the mechanical strength, gas barrierproperties, chemical resistance, and other properties required for theoptical substrate, the corresponding first and second reinforcing layers240 and 270 can be removed. In this case the third and fourth lighttransmitting layers 230 and 260 become protective films for the firstand second light transmitting layers 30 and 210. Moreover, if the lighttransmitting layers 30, 210 themselves have sufficient strength, thethird and fourth light transmitting layers 230 and 260 can also beomitted.

As described above, color recesses 36 and lenses 34 can be easily formedin the light transmitting layer 30 by a transfer process according tothe present invention. It is therefore possible by means of this methodto achieve highly efficient use of material, a reduction in the numberof production steps, and cost reduction.

Furthermore, once manufactured, the first to third masters 10, 20, and200 can be used repeatedly insofar as durability allows. The stepsrequired to produce the masters can therefore be eliminated from theproduction process for the second and subsequent optical substrates,thereby further reducing the number of production steps and helping tofurther reduce cost.

Embodiment 4

FIGS. 11(A) to FIG. 12(B) are section views used to describe step bystep a manufacturing method for an optical substrate according to afourth preferred embodiment of the present invention.

In this preferred embodiment a first light transmitting layer 120 andcolor pattern layer 100 are manufactured using first and second masters110 and 20 as shown in FIG. 4(A) to FIG. 5(A) according to the secondembodiment of the invention. A third master 300 as shown in FIG. 11(A)is also prepared.

A light blocking recess 302 is formed in the third master 300. The shapeof the light blocking recess 300 in plan view is that of a black matrixused in an LCD panel, segmenting areas corresponding to a plurality ofpixels. It should be noted that the pattern of this black matrixcorresponds to the mosaic, delta, striped, or other pixel arrangement.The light blocking recess 302 of the third master 300 is filled with alight blocking material 252 to form light blocking layer 350. This isidentical to the process described above with reference to FIG. 10(A).

The lens 124 side of the light transmitting layer 120 and the lightblocking layer 350 side of the third master 300 are then bonded with asecond light transmitting layer precursor 312 disposed therebetween asshown in FIG. 11(B). This process is identical to the process forbonding by way of intervening light transmitting layer precursor 32described in the first embodiment, and light transmitting layerprecursor 312 can also be selected from any of the materials usable forthe light transmitting layer precursor 32 in the first embodiment.

A second light transmitting layer 310 as shown in FIG. 12(A) is formedby thus spreading the second light transmitting layer precursor 312 andthen applying an appropriate setting process.

The first master 110 is then separated from the first light transmittinglayer 120 and color pattern layer 100 as shown in FIG. 12(B). The thirdmaster 300 is also separated from the second light transmitting layer310 and light blocking layer 350. The result is optical substrate 4.

This optical substrate 4 comprises first and second light transmittinglayers 120 and 310; a color pattern layer 100 formed on first lighttransmitting layer 120; and a light blocking layer 350 on second lighttransmitting layer 310. Lenses 124 are also formed on the first lighttransmitting layer 120.

Optical substrate 4 thus has the mechanisms of both a color filterincorporating the color pattern layer 100, and a microlens arrayincorporating the lenses 124. As a result, a bright color display can beachieved.

It is to be noted that a protective film or reinforcing layer can beprovided on either of the first and second light transmitting layers120, 310 as required.

A color pattern layer 100, lenses 124, and light blocking layer 350 canbe easily formed by means of a transfer process in this preferredembodiment of the present invention. It is possible by means of thepresent method to achieve highly efficient use of material, a reductionin the number of production steps, and cost reduction.

Furthermore, once manufactured, the first to third masters 110, 20, and300 can be used repeatedly insofar as durability allows. The stepsrequired to produce the masters can therefore be eliminated from theproduction process for the second and subsequent optical substrates,thereby further reducing the number of production steps and helping tofurther reduce cost.

FIG. 13 is a section view showing an exemplary configuration of an LCDprojector using a microlens array according to the present invention.This LCD projector comprises a lamp 400 as the light source, and a lightvalve 450 incorporating an optical substrate 410 according to thepresent invention.

The optical substrate 410 includes a first light transmitting layer 413on which are formed lenses 411 and color recesses 412. The lenses 411are convex lenses of which the convex surface is directed away from thelight valve 420. The color recesses 412 are filled with pigment, forminga color pattern layer 414. Second and third light transmitting layers415, 416 are formed over the lenses 411 and color pattern layer 414. Alight blocking layer 417 over the second light transmitting layer 415forms a black matrix. A reinforcing layer 418 is disposed to the thirdlight transmitting layer 416. A fourth light transmitting layer 419 isdisposed to the light blocking layer 417.

A transparent electrode film 420 and orientation film 421 are layeredover the fourth transmitting layer 419 of the optical substrate 410. ATFT layer 422 is also disposed with a gap between it and the orientationfilm 421. The TFT layer 422 comprises transparent individual electrodes423 and thin-film transistors 424 covered by an orientation film 425.The TFT layer 422 is disposed with orientation film 425 facingorientation film 421.

The space between orientation films 421 and 425 is filled with liquidcrystal 426. The liquid crystal 426 is driven by a voltage controlled bythe thin-film transistors 424.

With an LCD projector thus comprised, light 460 emitted from the lamp400 is collected by the lenses 411 onto each pixel, thereby achieving abright display.

It must be noted that a condition for achieving a bright display is thatna<nb where na is the refractive index of second light transmittinglayer 415 and nb is the refractive index of the first light transmittinglayer 413. By satisfying this condition, light is incident from a mediumwith a high refractive index to a medium with a low refractive index.Light 460 is therefore refracted away from a line normal to theinterface between the two media. A bright screen can therefore beachieved.

FIG. 14 is a section view of an exemplary LCD projector using amicrolens array according to an alternative version of the invention.This projector comprises a lamp 500 as the light source, and a lightvalve 550 incorporating an optical substrate 510 according to thepresent invention.

The optical substrate 510 includes a first light transmitting layer 513with lenses 511 and color recesses 512. The lenses 511 are concavelenses of which the concave surface is directed away from the lightvalve 520. The color recesses 512 are filled with pigment, forming acolor pattern layer 514. Second and third light transmitting layers 515,516 are formed over the lenses 511 and color pattern layer 514. A lightblocking layer 517 formed on second light transmitting layer 515 forms ablack matrix. A reinforcing layer 518 is disposed to the third lighttransmitting layer 516. A fourth light transmitting layer 519 isdisposed to the light blocking layer 517.

A transparent electrode film 520 and orientation film 521 are layeredover the fourth optical substrate 519 of the optical substrate 510. ATFT layer 522 is also disposed with a gap between it and the orientationfilm 521. The TFT layer 522 comprises transparent individual electrodes523 and thin-film transistors 524 covered by an orientation film 525.The TFT layer 522 is disposed with orientation film 525 facingorientation film 521.

The space between orientation films 521 and 525 is filled with liquidcrystal 526. The liquid crystal 526 is driven by a voltage controlled bythe thin-film transistors 524.

With an LCD projector thus comprised, light 560 emitted from the lamp500 is collected by the lenses 511 onto each pixel, thereby achieving abright display.

It must be noted that a condition for achieving a bright display is thatna′>nb′ where na′ is the refractive index of second light transmittinglayer 515 and nb′ is the refractive index of the first lighttransmitting layer 513. By satisfying this condition, light is incidentfrom a medium with a low refractive index to a medium with a highrefractive index, and light 560 is therefore refracted and converged toa line approximately normal to the interface between the two media. Abright screen can therefore be achieved.

1. An optical substrate, comprising: a light transmitting layer having aplurality of color recesses on one side and a plurality of lenses onanother side, wherein the lenses are aligned with the color recesses;and a color pattern layer comprised of pigment disposed in the colorrecesses.
 2. The optical substrate of claim 1, further comprising: asecond light transmitting layer formed on the light transmitting layerand having a plurality of light blocking recesses; and a light blockinglayer comprised of light blocking material disposed in the lightblocking recesses.
 3. The optical substrate of claim 2, wherein thelight blocking layer is formed to enclose the lenses.
 4. The opticalsubstrate of claim 1, further comprising: a second light transmittinglayer formed on the light transmitting layer; and a light blocking layerformed on the second light transmitting layer.
 5. The optical substrateof claim 4, wherein the light blocking layer is formed to enclose thelenses.